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(No Model.) A 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. I. BERNHEIM.

TBLBPHONIG, TBLEGRAPHIG, AND SIGNALING CIRCUIT. No. 390,058. Patented Sept. 25, 1888,.

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E. I. BERNHEIM.

TBLBPHONIG, TELEGRAPHIG, AND SIGNALING CIRCUIT.

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(No Model.) s sheets-sheen a. E. I. BERNHEIM. TBLBPHONIG, TBLBGRAPHIG, AND SIGNALING GIRGUIT. No. 390,058. Patented Sept. 25, 1888.

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UNTTan STaTns PATENT Carica.

EDMOND ISAAC BERNHEIM, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

"l'ELElHONIC, TELEGRAPHIC, AND SlGNALlNG CIRCUiT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 390,058, dated September 25, 1888.

Application tiled March 16, 1888. Serial No. 267,349.

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that l, EDMoND Isaac BERN- HEIM, a citizen ofthe Republic of France, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Telephonie, Telegraphic, and Signaling Circuits, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to provide a system for the installation of telephonie, telegraphic,or other signaling-stations connected on one circuit, in order to permit any two stations to call one anothcrdirectly, aud toplace themselves iu communication without the necessity of giving notice to a central station and without calling either the intermediate stations or the terminal stations of the line.

My improved system has a great number of applications, of which l will give a few examples.

According to my system the number of stations that maybe couuected will depend upon the number of liuc-wires employed. By employing a line of two wires seven stations may be connected, with three wires there may be eighteen stations,or with four wires there may be thirty-six stations, &c.

As applied to telephonie communication,

ni s 'stem ermits of )lacin r six subscribers on one circuit of two wires, a cent-rai station or office constituting the seventh station. Two or even more communications may be established simultaneously on the same line, providing only that the communications shall not cross one another, or, in other words, that a station between two other st-ations that are communicating with each other shall not be permitted to communicate with any other sta- Lion. Thus, for example, while stations Nos. 1 and 4 are in communication stations Nos. 5 and 7 may also be communicating; but Nos. 2, 3, and 6 must not be used.

This system may advantageously be applied tomunicipal tire alarms and policetelegraphs, and tothe telephone-circuits in small towns, since, with two, three, or more line-wires there may be connected seven, eighteen, or more subscribers,without the necessity of any central station, thus @fleeting a considerable saving ofexpense. For railways also this system will be available for enabling every one of the successive stations to put itself .into communication with any other.

(No model.)

This system is applicable equally to telephoning, telegraphing, and other' signaling.

I will now proceed to explain the principle of my invention and its practical realization according to one exam ple (that with two Wires and seven stations) with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure l is a diagram ofthe line-circuit showing the seven stations and their polarized relays, and in dotted lines the local circuit at one station. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of one of thel polarized relays, and Fig. 3 is a transverse section thereof. Fig. 4 is adiagram showing the entire circuit arrangement for the seven stations. Fig. 5 is a section ofone of the commutators, and Fig. 6 vis aplan thereof. Fig. 7 is an enlarged diagram showing more in detail one ofthe stations in Fig. 4t.

Referring to Fig. l, let F F designate the two line-wires, which at bot-h ends are connected to each other. The several stations are numbered l to 7, respectively, and at each station are two polarized relays, one, r, in the circuit F, and the other, r', in the circuit F. The preferred construction of the relays r r is shown in Figs. 2 and 3, where a coil or armature, c,issuspended pendulously before the ad jacent poles of a horseshoe-magnet, a, so that when excited by a current in one direction it will vibrate to the right, and by a current in the opposite direction it will vibrate to the left. The lower end of the pendulum constitutes a relay-contact, and when vibrated in one direction touches a contactscrew, b, in a local circuit, H. The armaturecoil c is connected in one of the line-circuits F or F.

rlhe cont-actscrew b may be arranged in either of four different ways, viz: first, to the right of the armature, but out of contact with it., so that it is touched if the armature vibrates to the right; second, to the left of the armature, but out of contact; third, to the right of the armature and normally touching it, so that contact is broken if the armature is vibrated to the left; and, fourth, to the left of of the armature and normally touching it.

At cach station the two relays r r are connected in a local circuit, H, that for station No. 3 being alone shown in Fig. l. In this circuit is a battery, P, and an annuneiator or call-bell, C, which may be a rheotomic bell. If both relays are simultaneously acted upon TOO by currents in such way that their pendulous armatures shall touch the contacts b b the circuit H is closed and the annuneiator O is sounded, thus calling up this station.

In order that a given manipulation ofthe circuits F and F shall call up only one station, and that a different n'lanipulation shall be required to call up each separate station, the two relays at the several stations have their contacts arranged in different orders or according to different combiuations, so that the same combination of currents over the two wires will iniiuence only the relays at one station. The two terminal stations, however, may have their relays arranged alike.

The different arrangement of the seven stations is indicated in Fig. l. At station No. l the contacts b b of both relays are at the right, so that both relays are actuated by positive currents, or those from left to right, as indicated by the arrows. At station No. 2 the upper relay has its contact b at the left, so that it requires a negative current to actuate it, and the lower relay has its contact against its armature on the right and receives no current, both as indicated by the arrows. At station No. 3 the upper relay is actuated by a positive current, as at No. l, while the lower relay receives no current, having its contact against its armature on the lei't. The arrangements at the other stations, Nos. 4, 5, 6, and 7, will be readily understood from the drawings alone, without further description. The terminal stations, Nos. l and 7, have both the same arrangement of relaycontacts, and no confusion can result from this, since the intermediate stations will always direct their currents for calling to the lel't for No. l and to the right for No. 7.

Each station is provided with a battery, a transmitting or call kcy,and a number of snitable call-switches for sending an electric cur' rent in one direction or the other into one or other or both of the two wires F F', aceording to the different arrangements of the relays at the several stations. These switches serve the purpose of connecting the local battery and transmitting-key with the two circuits F and F in such manner and with such polarization that when any one of these switches has been set the corresponding station can be called up by working the transmitting-key, which then acts to transmit over the respectives wires F F the proper currents to influence the two relays at the station to be called. As there are seven stations, each one is provided with six call-switches corresponding to the other six stations.

Figs. 5 and G show one of the call-switches I I in detail. Each switch I consists of two metal springs, t t, insulated from each other at their fixed ends c and then connected to the respective circuit-wires F and F. rIhei r free ends are arranged when pressed to make contact with two metal plates,d and d', which are insulated from each other and connected to wires 25 and 25, by which the necessary elec? trical connections are made. Each switch has an operating-lever, m, which acts through a cam-shaped or eccentric boss on a pushpin, u,which slides in a hole in the hase-board and transmits the motion of the eccentric to the spring and the motion is transmitted through this spring to the spring t by means of an intervening block, f, ot' insulating material. The eccentric boss ofthe lever m is so shaped that when turned either up or down it willretain its position. In order to call any station it is thus only necessary to turn down the lever m of the switch corresponding to that station to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5 and then to work the lransmitting-key, and after the communication is finished the lever m must be restored.

Fig. Li shows in detail the electric connections for each of the seven stations. rlhe line wire F is shown by a heavy line and F by a light line. Fig. 7 shows -the electric eonnections for one of these stations (No. 4) on a larger scale.

At each station,in addition to a calling-key or transmittinginstrument, A, of any suitable kind-such as a telegraplrkey-and the series of call switches I I, there are arranged two eommntators, B and B, of sixplates each,and two commutators and G', ot' two plates each; but at each of the terminal stations (Nos. l and 7) there is only one commutator, G, of two plates. The commutators G are employed to isolate one of the extreme stations which wishes to call another station. The arrangementof com mutators is such that the two line wires can be connected to earth on each side of a section of the line that is oceupied,so as to permit any station on the unoccupied portion ot' theline to communicate with any other station on that portion of the line.

To this end the commutator Gis adapted to ground the circuit to the left of any station, and the eommutator C to ground the circuit to the right. The com mntator B is adapted to establish a ground communication to the lel't ofthe station in order to permit it to communicate with any station to the right, and the commutator B is used to establish a groundconuection at its right in order to permit it to communicate with any station to the left. These commutatcrs also have other functions, as will be presently described.

In order to enable the operations of calling and communicating between thestations to be weil understood, I will suppose, for example, that station No. 2 wishes to call station No.4. The operator at No. 2 will turn down the lever of switch I, No. 4, and displace his com mutators B and G toward the left. This movement of commutator C has the effect of putting the line to theleft of this station to earth, and this movement of eommutator B has the effect of directing the current from the key A (which the operator will then work) to the right of the station. It will be seen that thc upper wire, F, at station No. 4 receives no current and is isolated, the zinc pole of the battery P at station No. 2 being put to eart-h. The lower wire, F, receives a currentin positive direction, which circulates over the line and goes to earth at the other extremity ofthe entire system. The relay i" of this wire at station No. 4 is consequently moved against its contact t, which is at the right, and 'closes the local circuit H, which actuates the callbell C, the commutator D beingturned toward the left, as shown, which is its position of rest.

The operator at station No. 4 will know that he is called by No. 2, since it will be customary with the operator to transmit each his own number in signaling. He will know,also, by means of any suitable signal whether the communication is to be by telephone or telegraph, and he will set according to these manifestations his commutators B B', C C, and D. No. 2 will also set his commutators to correspond, as I will now explain.

' If the stations2 and 4 are to telephone,f0. 2 will restore the. fourth switch I, but leaving the com mutators Band G toward the left. At station No. 4 the operator will throw his commut-ators B and C toward the left, leaving C andB in the position of rest. In displacing B to the left communication is established between the line to the left of station 4 and the telephone T of this station through wires 11 12 13 14, and returning by wires 15, 16, 17, and 18, Fig. 7. The displacement of Ctoward the left results in putting the section of line to the right of station No. 4 to the earth, (through wires 19, 20, and 21, Fig. 7,) so that this portion of the line may be utilized for communication between any two of the sta.

tions Nos. 5, 6, and 7.

If stations 2 and 4 are to telegraph, the operator at No. 2 signals to No. 4 by pressing the fourth switch I and working key A, the commutators B and C being turned to the left. At No. 4 the operator leaves the commutators B and C turned to the right and throws B and C to the left. By this displacement of B an earthconncction is established beyond the relays r o, and these maybe used as telegraph-relays. The circuit from station No. 2 is then sent over wire F to commutator C, then by wires 18, 22, (relay 9,) 22 and 24 to earth, and simultaneously by wire F, commutator C, wires 11, 25, (relay`i,) 25 and 24 to earth. The turning of C to the left connects to the earth the sect-ion of `line to the right of station No. 4, as already explained, and renders it i'ree. At station 4 the commutator D is turned to the right, which has the eiect of sending the local current to the telegraphie receiver or sounder R, and no longer to the annunciator S. The call-key A serves as t-he transmitting-hey in tclegraphing.

The telephonie apparatus T, if one is used,

bring it into the circuit one of the six-plate commutators B or B is displaced. In order to communicate with a station toward the left, the left-hand one is displaced, or with one toward the right the right-hand one is displaced. The displacement of the left-hand commutator B places the telephone T in communication with the line to the left of() through the Wires 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, as before described. The displacement of the right-hand commutator B places T in communication with the line to the right of C through the wires 27, 28, 29, 15, 14, 30, 31, and 32.

My system has the advantage that an intermediate station between two which are communicating cannot put itself in derivation in the circuit, as a person cannot listen at this station without cutting the communication.

Each station is provided with galvanome ters g g, which serve to indicate when theline passing by a station is occupied for telephonie or telegraphic transmission. \Vhen an operator sees by the vibration of the needles that telcgraphic messages are passing over the line he knows that he cannot call another station. When the line is being used for telephonie communication the needles, are not vibrated; but if the operator tries to call the current does not pass, since there is no gronndconnection at the extremities, and he knows by there being no vibration ofthe needles when he presses the key that the line is occupied.

I claim as my invention the following defined novel features and combinations, substantially as heretofore specified, viz:

1. The combination of a line having a plurality of wires traversing a succession of stations and grounded at both extremities, with a group of polarized relays at each station, one to each wire, and having their contacts arranged according to different combinations, and at each station a battery and a series of call-switches answering to the respective stations and connected in different orders corresponding to the combination of relay-contacts at their respect-ive stations, whereby at any station by manipulating any switch the proper currents will be sent over the wires to operate the relays at the station answering to that switch, and that station will be called.

2. The combination of a line having a plu` rality of wires traversing a succession of stations and grounded at both extremities, with telegraphic, telephonie, or other signaling instruments at the stations, and commutators for putting the circuit-wires to ground on either-side of these instruments, whereby when one section ofthe circuit is in use the remainder of the circuit has its terminals grounded and is in readiness for use.

3. The combination of aline having a plurality of wires traversing a succession of stations and grounded at both extremities, with telegraphic, telephonie, or other signaling instruments at the stations, and two commutatcrs on opposite sides of said instruments at each intermediate station, for connecting the IIO IIS

line'wires to ground, each having one plate to each linewire, one contact for each plate leading to earth and the other contact connected with said instruments.

4. The combination of a line having a plurality of wires traversing a succession of stations and grounded at both extremities, with a group of polarized relays at each station, one to each wire, and having their contacts arranged according to differentcombinations, and at each intermediate station a telephone and a com mutator arranged when in one position to connect the line-wires with said relays, and in its other position to connect the linewires on one side ofthe station with said telephone, and the line-wires on the other side of the station with the earth.

5. The combination of a line having a plurality of wires traversing a succession of sta tions and grounded at both extremities, with a group of polarized relays at each station, one to each wire, and having their contacts arranged according to different combinations, and at each intermediate station a telephone and two commutatore and their connections arranged respectively on opposite sides ol" the relays and adapted to connect the external line with the relays when in one position and with the telephone when in the other, or to connect the relays with the line on one side and with the earth on the other.

(i. The combination of a line having two wires traversing successive stations and grounded at both extremities, with a group of two polarized relays at cach station, one in circuit with one wire, the other in circuit with the other wire, a telephone at each station, and at each intermediate station two commutators, B B', of' six plates on opposite sides of the relays and telephone, and two commutators, C C', of two plates, each arranged between one of the Gplate connnntators and the external line, with ground-connections to each of said commutators C C'.

7. The combination of a line having a plurality of wires traversing a succession of stations and grounded at both extremities, with a group of polarized relays at each station, one to each wire, and having their contacts arranged according to different eoinbinations` and at each intermediate station a signalre ceiving instrument, and a coininutator adapted to connect the linewires on one side of the station with said instru nient, and the line-wircs on the other side ofthe station with the earth, and at each such station a galvauouieter in the lineeireuit, whereby an indication is atl'orded if the line is already in use for communication between two stations on opposite sides.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDMOND lSAAC BERNHEIM.

Witnesses:

J. B. BoURNE, AMAND RITTER. 

